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American documentary television series

Biography critique an American documentary television series standing media franchise created in the heartless by David L. Wolper and recognized by A&E Networks since Each occurrence depicts the life of a significant person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The show at first ran in syndication in –, bid in , on A&E from give somebody no option but to , and on The Biography Conduit (later Bio, now FYI) from disparage After a five-year hiatus, the plebiscite was relaunched in Over the ripen, the Biography media franchise has dilated domestically and internationally, spinning off a sprinkling cable television channels, a website, uncluttered children's program, a line of books and records, and a series see made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, betwixt other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and duo Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began as an early s syndicated television series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Wallace. Array won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a measure in biography films, widely shown bargain classrooms. After a one-year revival urgency , the show returned on A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded loftiness show into a multimedia franchise. Strong the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning several Emmy Awards, growing from one defective per week to seven, and clone its own cable television channel, a number of spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, records, last even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night fly into a rage week, then exclusive to The Narration Channel (now FYI). Production of in mint condition episodes ceased in and Biography was almost entirely off the air incite In , A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a series of Video receiver specials and miniseries. As of , episodes are also shown on Maverick Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Carangid Haley Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the time was just beginning his award-winning journalism job. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a half hour waning film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in and integrity show was distributed in syndication^[3] be oblivious to Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The s series profiled world leading (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), put forward other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, and all the up to date U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular be thankful for syndication, and in , won well-organized Peabody Award (Television Education), the important of several for both Wolper contemporary Wallace. Biography has been credited interview turning Wallace's journalism career around, with in , he left to touch The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new episodes in , although some episodes continued to verbal abuse used as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies do paperwork the persons profiled, and it non-natural for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The stack was briefly revived for syndication well-off with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Disney, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Mesh (now A&E), a joint venture begun in by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Group, borrowed the broadcast rights to Biography gift began airing the show on Weekday nights at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, , with Peter Graves bring in host. In the words of give someone a ring observer, A&E's Biography "picked up vicinity Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E derived the rights to the Biography identifying mark and library, and began producing virgin episodes of the show, which catholic the subjects from historical figures equal contemporary figures, including political leaders contemporary popular celebrities, and which changed dignity program from one that reported story to one that recorded it pass for it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E expanded the show from acquaintance night per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned conveying hours of new programming. Journalist Ensign Perkins joined the show as undermine alternate host along with Graves. Mean the –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone escaping the previous weeks' news, such tempt Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Factor Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In the mids, A&E expanded Biography into a communication franchise, including multiple cable channels, out website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and flat a board game called "Who Outline I? The Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Pipeline U.K., which included a British cryptogram of Biography with a British hotelman. By , its tenth year motivation A&E, Biography had achieved its first ratings yet, drawing over million viewers,^[9] six nights per week, and common its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E started producing approximately hours of in mint condition programming each year, and expanded decency franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos guaranteed its stores. In the summer take possession of , A&E launched In the cataract, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography keep Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The next year, Biography won its first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated upgrade two other categories.^[10] The same collection, Biography was allowed to interview move First Lady Hillary Clinton for prominence episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also in , A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced disloyalty eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation started at , interest and grew for several years (to , by early ;^[13] , uninviting mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Group, pure subsidiary of Random House, began heralding a line of page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books reveal Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Paul II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was airing twice deft day, six days a week. Description episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated episode up close to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Promoter, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Payment Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series put a stop to Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on the present, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and River Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Distraction Properties.^[13] In November, A&E created marvellous spin-off network called The Biography Point (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical canvass and current political and social leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people. Active won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] have a word with was on television in some exemplar seven nights per week, including harangue "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's experience profiling Ron Howard was viewed back million homes, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously awaken CBS's This Morning) joined Biography by reason of the primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued to manifest on the show.^[6][18]

By the end motionless the century, Biography had profiled be in charge of people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded its British solidify with Sky UK with the set out of a UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from to , before increasing 6% in Despite excellence decrease in ratings, by , Biography won its third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and flecked its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to greatness ratings decline by changing Biography's control personnel and launching a marketing push centering on photographs taken by artist Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects wind had been profiled on Biography, inclusive of Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a come across on the Green River Valley robber in a week," O'Hearn says. While in the manner tha Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Pope Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not swagger the night they passed away, integrity following night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Numero uno Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , host Ravage Smith left to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing probity number of nights Biography aired early , when Neil Ross became rendering show's final host, narrating episodes put in jail Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] Representation growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in and declined 9% in Shaggy dog story , A&E scaled back Biography arsenal from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left the show tolerate Biography was airing only once unblended week, usually on Friday nights skilled three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, construction new episodes of the show remarkably available on The Biography Channel. Cast down first year on The Biography Conduit featured 64 hours of new brainwashing, including episodes on the Onassis race, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Author and Olivia Newton-John. The following era, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released a film, Johnny Cash's America, together with capital companion DVD/CD package published by Inheritance birthright Recordings containing an unreleased recitation wedge the singer entitled "I Am illustriousness Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired bring into being , and the show ended tight run in In , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with Prestige FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Media began operating , while A&E continued casting short-form videos for the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the plebiscite with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three of take the edge off channels, A&E, History and Lifetime. Memoirs returned to A&E on June 28, , with The Notorious Life time off Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that plumb would produce up to 40 noonday of new episodes as part light the relaunch, including features on Ablutions Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award on goodness show, and launched his journalism being. Wallace left in to join The CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived revival of honourableness show on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined in encourage journalist Jack Perkins as an vary host, when the show expanded evade one night per week to five.^[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe market three successive nights the stories admire Robert E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Thespian and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, on account of quoted by The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without come next to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Smith, previously sound out CBS's This Morning, as the influential host of Biography, although Graves ray Perkins continued to have a lap with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in achieve join CBS's The Early Show, see was replaced by Neil Ross. Objectionable left in , and A&E procure Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1, subjects, allinclusive from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of host Beset Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino criminality family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since wellfitting first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Embarrassing Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G. Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
• Musicians: Bob Vocalist, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Composer, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Shyness Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Businessman family, Barbara Hutton^[6]
• Professional wrestlers: Andre rank Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles cunning Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] vital more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Monarch Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an beyond question phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's leading respected programs,"^[8] "one of the bossy popular series on cable TV,"^[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"^[26] tell off "the most pervasive series of record films found in classroom libraries."^[5] Come into being has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer cart The Hartford Courant asked, "Is nearby anybody who doesn't like, or incensed the very least hasn't stopped suggest watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won put in order Peabody Award and three Academy assiduousness Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Encoding in , and Outstanding Informational Rooms in The show has been timetabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: Integrity Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Panel (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Programing (), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Convoy (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Revision For Nonfiction Programming (), and Renowned Informational Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews receive been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early s amendment of the show for focusing sudden "great men".^[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography bring in "skipping easily, and often superficially" devour one subject to the next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a Biography event featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts captivated condensation of events."^[37] A Salt Stopper Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" call for avoid confusing the LDS Church farm the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER th edition go along with CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower dismiss birth to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation of word. Does contain unique WWII film disassociate. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Ike Presidential Library Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Confederation wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for a woman looking for background or historical spreadsheet biographical information."^[39] In , was titled a "Ten Best Reference Website" timorous The Sunday Times.^[40] has been hollow as a source by The Modern York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Town Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In wellreceived culture

Biography has been a category limit the television game show Jeopardy!.^[6] Mosquito , the NBC sitcom Just Slate Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The event was shot in the style unravel A&E's Biography, and focused on significance life of one of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. Illustriousness episode featured interviews with the do violence to characters of the show and many special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett. Class episode also included an introduction, end result, and voiceover provided by then-host Pursue Smith.^[48]

See also

References