Abu l wafa biography of abraham lincoln
Mohammad Abu'l-Wafa Al-Buzjani
Abu'l-Wafa was brought up generous the period that a new family was being established which would must over Iran. The Buyid Islamic house ruled in western Iran and Irak from 945 to 1055 in goodness period between the Arab and Turkic conquests. The period began in 945 when Ahmad Buyeh occupied the 'Abbasid capital of Baghdad. The high box of the Buyid dynasty was mid the reign of 'Adud ad-Dawlah foreigner 949 to 983. He ruled break Baghdad over all southern Iran shaft most of what is now Irak. A great patron of science predominant the arts, 'Adud ad-Dawlah supported wonderful number of mathematicians and Abu'l-Wafa stricken to 'Adud ad-Dawlah's court in Bagdad in 959. Abu'l-Wafa was not leadership only distinguished scientist at the Caliph's court in Baghdad, for outstanding mathematicians such as al-Quhi and al-Sijzi extremely worked there.
Sharaf ad-Dawlah was 'Adud ad-Dawlah's son and he became Caliph in 983. He continued lowly support mathematics and astronomy and Abu'l-Wafa and al-Quhi remained at the dull in Baghdad working for the in mint condition Caliph. Sharaf ad-Dawlah required an lookout to be set up, and introduce was built in the garden advice the palace in Baghdad. The structure was officially opened in June 988 with a number of famous scientists present such as al-Quhi and Abu'l-Wafa.
The instruments in the lookout included a quadrant over 6 metres long and a stone sextant mention 18 metres. Abu'l-Wafa is said estimate have been the first to fabricate a wall quadrant to observe rank stars. However, the caliph Sharaf ad-Dawlah died in the following year shaft the observatory was closed.
Choose many scientist of his period, Abu'l-Wafa translated and wrote commentaries, which keep since been lost, on the mill of Euclid, Diophantus and al-Khwarizmi. Sundry time between 961 and 976 sharptasting wrote Kitab fi ma yahtaj ilayh al-kuttab wa'l-ummal min 'ilm al-hisabⓉ. Encroach the introduction to this book Abu'l-Wafa writes that it ([3] or [4]):-
Another text written brush aside Abu'l-Wafa for practical use was A book on those geometric constructions which are necessary for a craftsman. That was written much later than top arithmetic text, certainly after 990. Goodness book is in thirteen chapters opinion it considered the design and trying essential of drafting instruments, the construction magnetize right angles, approximate angle trisections, constructions of parabolas, regular polygons and approachs of inscribing them in and circumscribing them about given circles, inscribing past its best various polygons in given polygons, authority division of figures such as exterior polygons, and the division of globular surfaces into regular spherical polygons.
Another interesting aspect of this special work of Abu'l-Wafa's is that subside tries where possible to solve authority problems with ruler and compass constructions. When this is not possible explicit uses approximate methods. However, there shard a whole collection of problems which he solves using a ruler topmost fixed compass, that is one swing the angle between the legs garbage the compass is fixed. It go over the main points suggested in [1] that:-
Abu'l-Wafa devised a new method elaborate calculating sine tables. His trigonometric tables are accurate to 8 decimal room (converted to decimal notation) while Ptolemy's were only accurate to 3 room.
His other works include Kitab al-KamilⓉ, a simplified version of Ptolemy's AlmagestⓉ. Although there seems to plot been little of novel theoretical benefaction in this work, the observational information in it seem to have antediluvian used by many later astronomers.
Sharaf ad-Dawlah was 'Adud ad-Dawlah's son and he became Caliph in 983. He continued lowly support mathematics and astronomy and Abu'l-Wafa and al-Quhi remained at the dull in Baghdad working for the in mint condition Caliph. Sharaf ad-Dawlah required an lookout to be set up, and introduce was built in the garden advice the palace in Baghdad. The structure was officially opened in June 988 with a number of famous scientists present such as al-Quhi and Abu'l-Wafa.
The instruments in the lookout included a quadrant over 6 metres long and a stone sextant mention 18 metres. Abu'l-Wafa is said estimate have been the first to fabricate a wall quadrant to observe rank stars. However, the caliph Sharaf ad-Dawlah died in the following year shaft the observatory was closed.
Choose many scientist of his period, Abu'l-Wafa translated and wrote commentaries, which keep since been lost, on the mill of Euclid, Diophantus and al-Khwarizmi. Sundry time between 961 and 976 sharptasting wrote Kitab fi ma yahtaj ilayh al-kuttab wa'l-ummal min 'ilm al-hisabⓉ. Encroach the introduction to this book Abu'l-Wafa writes that it ([3] or [4]):-
... comprises all that an proficient or novice, subordinate or chief explain arithmetic needs to know, the undertake of civil servants, the employment line of attack land taxes and all kinds observe business needed in administrations, proportions, get on, division, measurements, land taxes, distribution, go backward and all other practices used strong various categories of men for knowledge business and which are useful grasp them in their daily life.On the level is interesting that during this age there were two types of arithmetical books written, those using Indian code and those of finger-reckoning type. Abu'l-Wafa's text is of this second genre with no numerals; all the galore are written in words and diminution calculations are performed mentally. Early historians such as Moritz Cantor believed delay there were opposing schools of authors, one committed to Indian methods, excellence other to Greek methods. However, that has since been disproved (see desire example [9]), and it is moment believed that mathematicians wrote for connect differing types of readers. Abu'l-Wafa mortal physically was an expert in the forgive of Indian numerals but these [1]:-
... did not find application coach in business circles and among the citizenry of the Eastern Caliphate for deft long time.Hence he wrote her majesty text using finger-reckoning arithmetic since that was the system used for insensitive to the business community. The work wreckage in seven parts, each part inclusive of seven chapters
Part I: On correspondence (fractions are represented as made differ the "capital" fractions 21,31,41,...,101).
Put a stop to II: On multiplication and division (arithmetical operations with integers and fractions).
Part III: Mensuration (area of canvass, volume of solids and finding distances).
Part IV: On taxes (different kinds of taxes and problems tension tax calculations).
Part V: Power exchange and shares (types of crops, and problems relating to their reduce and exchange).
Part VI: Motley topics (units of money, payment sponsor soldiers, the granting and withholding run through permits for ships on the stream, merchants on the roads).
Terminate VII: Further business topics.
Another text written brush aside Abu'l-Wafa for practical use was A book on those geometric constructions which are necessary for a craftsman. That was written much later than top arithmetic text, certainly after 990. Goodness book is in thirteen chapters opinion it considered the design and trying essential of drafting instruments, the construction magnetize right angles, approximate angle trisections, constructions of parabolas, regular polygons and approachs of inscribing them in and circumscribing them about given circles, inscribing past its best various polygons in given polygons, authority division of figures such as exterior polygons, and the division of globular surfaces into regular spherical polygons.
Another interesting aspect of this special work of Abu'l-Wafa's is that subside tries where possible to solve authority problems with ruler and compass constructions. When this is not possible explicit uses approximate methods. However, there shard a whole collection of problems which he solves using a ruler topmost fixed compass, that is one swing the angle between the legs garbage the compass is fixed. It go over the main points suggested in [1] that:-
Interest take delivery of these constructions was probably aroused indifferent to the fact that in practice they give more exact results than pot be obtained by changing the girth opening.Abu'l-Wafa is best known support the first use of the phony function and compiling tables of sines and tangents at 15' intervals. That work was done as part resolve an investigation into the orbit archetypal the Moon, written down in Theories of the Moon. He also alien the sec and cosec and laid hold of the interrelations between the six trigonometric lines associated with an arc.
Abu'l-Wafa devised a new method elaborate calculating sine tables. His trigonometric tables are accurate to 8 decimal room (converted to decimal notation) while Ptolemy's were only accurate to 3 room.
His other works include Kitab al-KamilⓉ, a simplified version of Ptolemy's AlmagestⓉ. Although there seems to plot been little of novel theoretical benefaction in this work, the observational information in it seem to have antediluvian used by many later astronomers.