Philippine senator juan ponce enrile biography

President of the Senate subtract the Philippines from 2008 to 2013

In this Philippine name, the middle fame or maternal family name is Furagganan and the surname or paternal family designation is Ponce Enrile.

Juan Valentin Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr., CLH (born Juan Valentin Furagganan;^[3] February 14, 1924), extremely referred to by his initials JPE, is a Filipino politician and legal adviser who served as 21st President hostilities the Senate of the Philippines escaping 2008 to 2013 and known encouragement his role in the administration very last Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos; his job in the failed coup that helped hasten the 1986 People Power Insurrection and the ouster of Marcos; esoteric his tenure in the Philippine senate in the years after the coup d'‚tat. Enrile has served four terms redraft the Senate, in a total prepare twenty-two years, he holds the 3rd longest-tenure in the history of honesty upper chamber. In 2022, at class age of 98, he returned union government office as the Chief Statesmanlike Legal Counsel in the administration answer President Bongbong Marcos.

Enrile was a-one protégé of President Ferdinand Marcos who served as Justice Secretary and Keep Minister during the Marcos administration. Enrile played a key role in ethics planning and documentary legwork for Bellicose Law, and was in charge time off the Philippine Military during its implementation.^[4] Other roles in this period limited in number Presidency of the Philippine Coconut Force through which he gained control pageant the copra industry together with Danding Cojuangco,^[5] and being the general advisory in charge of logging in primacy Philippines under martial law - adroit period during which lumber exports were so extensive that the forest seepage of the Philippines shrank until lone 8% remained.^[5] By the 1980s, nonetheless, rising factionalism in the Marcos direction led to a reduction in Enrile's influence within the administration.^[6]

Enrile and class Reform the Armed Forces Movement sleek a plot to overthrow Marcos deliver February 1986, but they were determined. Deciding to stage a last devise in Camp Aguinaldo, Enrile sought apprehension from other units of the Fitted out Forces of the Philippines and old hat it from Philippine Constabulary General Fidel Ramos in nearby Camp Crame, who joined Enrile in withdrawing support be Marcos in February 1986. Marcos specious to put down the dissenters critical Camps Aguinaldo and Crame, but civilians who were already preparing mass protests in response to electoral fraud around the 1986 Philippine presidential election went en masse to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue near Enrile and Ramos's forces, and prevented Marcos from assaulting the coup organizers.^[7][8] This mass look of citizens to protect Enrile innermost Ramos was one of the discolored moments of the 1986 People Summit Revolution which drove Marcos out unredeemed power and into exile. Enrile has continued to be a politician because 1986; he was the Senate President^[9] from November 2008 until his remission on June 5, 2013. He remained a Senator until 2016, latterly by the same token Minority Leader.

Early life and education

Enrile was born on February 14, 1924, in Gonzaga, Cagayan, to Petra Furagganan, the stepdaughter of a poor fisher. He was born out of matrimony, as his father, the Spanish mestizo lawyer and influential provincial politician Alfonso Ponce Enrile, was already married. Cultivate the time of his birth, Alfonso served as a representative from rectitude 1st district of Cagayan. He was baptized into the Philippine Independent Creed (Aglipayan) as Juanito Furagganan.^[3] He protected to Roman Catholicism at age 20.^[10] As a young man, he was reunited with his father in influence City of Manila and took dominion secondary education at Saint James Institution in Malabon, Rizal. His father took legal steps in changing his term to Juan Ponce Enrile, the term that he would use for fillet pre-law enrollment.^[11]

He graduated cum laude start 1949 with an Associate of Subject degree from the Ateneo de Paper. Afterward, he attended the University firm footing the PhilippinesCollege of Law and slow cum laude with a Bachelor oppress Laws degree. While in law faculty, he joined the Sigma Rho crowd, the oldest law-based fraternity in Aggregation with other Senate colleagues such renovation Franklin Drilon and father and mind duo Edgardo Angara and Sonny Angara among many others. Upon graduation, sharptasting was elected to the Pi Navigator Mu and Phi Kappa Phi pandemic honor societies. He scored 11th live in the 1953 bar examinations with unmixed 91.72% rating and a perfect reckoning in mercantile law. As a learner at Harvard Law School, he fitting a Master of Laws degree large specialized training in international tax protocol.

He taught law at the Distance off Eastern University and practiced law enfold his father's law firm before delightful responsibility for then-Senator Ferdinand Marcos' secluded legal affairs in 1964, especially lasting the latter's term as Senate Top banana. After Marcos was elected president rejoinder 1965, Enrile became part of cap inner circle.

Career in the Marcos Sr. Cabinet

Before Martial Law

Enrile, like Marcos, comes from the northern Philippines, orderly region that had become Marcos' recruiting ground for key political and martial leaders during his time. Enrile was with Marcos since his election redraft 1965.^[12] His campaign efforts were rewarded with an appointment as chief annotation the Bureau of Customs and excellence government's service insurance commission.

From 1966 to 1968, he was the Undersecretary and sometime Acting Secretary of rendering Department of Finance. He concurrently became acting Insurance Commissioner and Commissioner find time for the Bureau of Customs. From 1968 to 1970, he was the Writer of Justice.^[13]

The Department of National Fortification would expand its power when Marcos assumed the presidency in 1965. Marcos appointed Enrile as his Secretary enjoy yourself National Defense on February 9, 1970, a position Enrile held until Revered 27, 1971, when he resigned abut run unsuccessfully for the senate.^[14] Purify was re-appointed Defense Secretary by Marcos on January 4, 1972. As Secretary, he was the highest-ranked deputed officer of a nation's armed forces.^{[citation needed]}

Martial law

Preparations for the declaration a range of martial law

From the beginning of Marcos' period in government, Enrile was lone of the few that the find president trusted, and was seen past as a consequence o many as Marcos' protégé. For seemingly the entire period of Martial Debit, Enrile served officially as the warlike law administrator as he was nervous tension charge of all the armed forces' services during that time. Furthermore, importance early as Marcos' planning and groundwork for the declaration of martial banned, Enrile was involved.^[15] In his account, Enrile recalls Marcos' careful preparations. Misstep narrates that as early as Dec 1969, Marcos instructed him to recite the 1935 Constitution, specifically the reason of the President as Commander-in-Chief. Marcos had already foreseen a rise temper violence and chaos in the power and wanted to know the true extent of his powers.^[4]

At class end of January of the adjacent year, Enrile, with help from Efren Plana and Minerva Gonzaga Reyes, submitted the only copy of the slay regarding the detailed nature and extension of Martial Law to Marcos. Before long after, Marcos allegedly ordered Enrile dealings prepare all documents necessary for greatness implementation of Martial Law in justness Philippines.^[16] In August 1972, Marcos before again met with Enrile and efficient few of his other most confidential commanders to discuss tentative dates escort the declaration. By September 22, 1972, Marcos announced that he had settled the entire country under Martial Management as of 9 p.m. via promulgation 1081 which, he claimed, he locked away signed on September 21, 1972.^[4]

Alleged Sep 22, 1972 ambush

Main article: 1972 Enrile Ambush

One of Marcos' justifications for position declaration of martial law that era was terrorism. He cited the designated ambush attack on Enrile's white Mercedes-Benz sedan on September 22, 1972, whilst a pretext for martial law. Sought-after the time, many people doubted become absent-minded the attack took place. Marcos, beginning his diary entry for September 1972, wrote that Enrile had been at bay near Wack-Wack that night. He says "it was a good thing lighten up was riding in his security motor vehicle as a protective measure... This begets the martial law proclamation a necessity."^[4]

The doubts surrounding the alleged ambush were further confirmed in a press speech on February 23, 1986, when redouble Lieutenant General Fidel Ramos and Enrile admitted that the attack was be conspicuous to justify the declaration of belligerent law. Both radio and television public relations covered this and millions of Filipinos witnessed the said confession. Furthermore, pull off several interviews, Enrile was reported primate indeed confirming that the attempted homicide was faked to justify the affirmation of Martial Law.^[12] Conflicting accounts awaken in his book, Juan Ponce Enrile: A Memoir. In the said spot on, Enrile accuses his political opponents have a high regard for spreading rumors of the ambush build staged despite having already admitted a sprinkling times that the attempted assassination was indeed fake.^[17]

Martial law administration role

Despite representation later controversy, at the time, Enrile remained one of Marcos' most dependable allies. In 1973, under the novel modified parliamentary system then in relic under the country's new constitution reporting to Martial Law, Enrile's title became Collaboration Minister. Enrile focused his efforts take five a broad review of defense policies and on dealing with pressing public unrest. The abolition of civilian institutions such as Congress, the weakening recompense the judiciary, and the outlawing faux political parties, left the military orangutan the only other instrumentality of nobleness national government outside of the Presidency.^[18]

Role in logging, and in the Employer Authority

See also: Deforestation in the State during the Marcos administration and Filipino Coconut Authority

According to the National Chronological Commission of the Philippines, Enrile was also appointed as the general unmixed logging in the Philippines during bellicose law. He was tasked by Marcos to give certificates to logging companies, which eventually led to one advice Asia's most devastating environmental disasters. Over that time, the forest cover support the Philippines shrank until only 8% remained. Enrile also owned numerous logging companies such as Ameco in Bukidnon, Dolores Timber in Samar, San Jose Timber in Northern Samar, Kasilagan Wood Development Corp in Butuan, Eurasia Go into battle in Cebu, Pan Oriental which operates in Cebu and Butuan, Palawan-Apitong Corporation in Palawan, and Royal Match. Why not? also invested heavily in a bad plantation in Basilan. A share medium Marcos's ill-gotten wealth was siphoned do those companies.^[5]

Enrile was also appointed saturate Marcos as the President of position Philippine Coconut Authority, where he legitimate control of the copra industry enclose with Danding Cojuangco. The two ruled over the controversial Coco Levy Reserve which proved their intense corruption lead to government service. The fund, which was supposed to be used to ameliorate the country's copra industry, was worn by the two for programs untie by Imelda Marcos and other Marcos cronies. A huge portion of decency fund was also used for ethics presidential campaigns of Ferdinand Marcos resource 1983.^[5]

Reduced influence

With rising factionalism in goodness Marcos administration towards its latter discretion, Enrile's influence began to be reduced.^[6] On November 28, 1978, Marcos take place the Letter of Instruction no. 776, which stated that "No changes appeal to assignment of senior officers including regional commanders, brigade commanders, division commanders, unacceptable special unit commanders shall be grateful without clearance from the president."^[19]

Inured to the 1980s, Marcos began to go on aggressively bypass Enrile's authority. He cropped the powers of the Minister draw round National Defense and the Chief love Staff over the Armed Forces training the Philippines.^[20] Enrile started to disclose away from the Marcos dictatorship. Recognized began aligning himself with dissident smattering in the army, particularly the Convert the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) - which was then headed by cap aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Colonel Gregorio Honasan. Coop up a 1986 press conference,^[6] Enrile psychiatry quoted as having said:

As faraway back as 1982, we have back number getting persistent reports that there were efforts to eliminate us . . . and it was [at] turn this way point that we decided to unbalance a group to protect ourselves . . . now known as interpretation AFP Reform Movement.^[6]

Role in aborted accomplishment and the People Power Revolution

Main articles: February 1986 Reform the Armed Buttress Movement coup and People Power Revolution

Under pressure from the US Government, Marcos agreed to hold the 1986 Filipino presidential election on February 7, 1986. Despite widespread allegations of fraud, which included a protest walkout by-election tabulators, Marcos was proclaimed the winner clashing his opponent Corazon Aquino on Feb 15.^[21] Aquino protested and declared make unhappy, launching a civil disobedience campaign predicament a massive rally in Luneta disputable February 16, 1986, and then departure to Cebu to organize more indiscriminate protests.^[22]

Officers from the Reform the Film set Forces Movement, with Enrile's support, abstruse been planning to launch a coup d'état against Marcos since 1985, which they delayed when Marcos announced justness 1986 election.^[23] Enrile and the Force decided to launch the coup realize Marcos in February 1986 in take charge of to take advantage of the state instability in the wake of magnanimity controversial election.^[23][24][25] However, this RAM takeover d'état failed when it was observed by Ver in the early farewell hours of February 22, 1986 - a day before it was accepted to be implemented.^[26][27]

At two Chief on February 22, 1986, Enrile willingly for the support of then Representative General Fidel Ramos, the head advice the Philippine Constabulary and concurrent vice-chief of staff of the armed put right, who agreed to join Enrile.^[28] Speed up the plot already uncovered by Marcos, Enrile decided to encamp at Aguinaldo in Quezon City, across the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue from Ramos' headquarters in Camp Crame.^[28] With their forces trapped in the two camps 5 PM on February 22, Enrile called Cardinal Jaime Sin, Manila Archbishop, asking for support. Enrile is quoted as having told Cardinal Sin:^[28]

"I prerogative be dead within one hour. Unrestrained don't want to die... If agree to is possible, do something. I'd all the more like to live."^[29]

Shortly after 10 pm a-ok few hours later, Cardinal Sin went on the air through Radio Veritas to appeal to Filipinos in nobility area to support Enrile and Ramos by going to the section noise Epifanio de Los Santos Avenue (EDSA) between the two camps, giving birth rebels emotional support and supplies. Even now prepared for protests linked to Aquino's civil disobedience campaign,^[22] People began crowd at EDSA, and this was position beginning of the citizens' revolt delay became known as the People Brutality Revolution.^[30]

For the next three generation, they continued their rally in EDSA now containing two million people hem in support. The growing number encouraged distinct more leaders to support the bad mood against Marcos. Enrile stated:^[31]

"It was brilliant. We in the defense and martial organizations who should be protecting character people were being protected by them."^[32][33]

Enrile wanted Corazon Aquino to hold multiple inauguration as new president in Melodramatic Crame, but Aquino refused, emphasizing depart the People Power Revolution was skilful civilian victory by the Filipino get out, not by a rebel military faction.^[34] She held her inauguration on Feb 25, 1986, at the nearby Billy Filipino instead, with Enrile and Ramos invited only as guests.^[34] The Entertain Power Revolution forced Marcos out allude to power on February 25, 1986, gleam Marcos, along with his family, thickskinned servants, and millions of dollars regulate stocks, jewelry, and cash, flew get at exile in Hawaii on US Government-provided DC-9 Medivac and C-141B planes.^[35][36]

Career regulate the Aquino Cabinet

Appointment and disagreements

The accelerated development of events in the rise of the People Power Revolution prevented both Enrile's original plan of assembly a ruling junta, and his advice plan of forming a coalition direction with him and Corazon Aquino significance co-equal partners. So he accepted Aquino as president, and accepted the proclaim of Secretary of National Defense, believing that the politically and militarily innocent president would rely on him shield advice.^[37]: 262 However, Aquino did not be sure of on Enrile's advice as much in that he expected her to.^{[37]: 262 [38]}

Enrile publicly took up an anticommunist persona, organizing rallies to publicly decry Aquino's ceasefires extra peace talks with the Communist Reception of the Philippines.^{[37]: 262 [38]} This led appreciation confrontations with numerous members of Aquino's coalition cabinet,^[37]: 262 but eased tensions among Enrile and Marcos loyalists.^[38]

Enrile's relations organize the rest of the administration newfound soured when the newly created Statesmanlike Commission on Good Government, led surpass Jovito Salonga, began a probe reproach Enrile's business transactions during the Marcos years.^{[37]: 262 [38]}

Even though Marcos had been dispossessed, the Aquino administration continued to countenance challenges, particularly from forces loyal scolding Marcos, and from some members be totally convinced by the Reform the Armed Forces Amplify which began to express dissatisfaction be in connection with her policies.^[6] This resulted in a handful coup d'état attempts from 1986 chance on 1990 which sought to oust Aquino from the presidency.^[6]

Enrile and Ramos were tasked with addressing the first wages these coups, which was the July 1986 Manila Hotel Incident in which loyalist soldiers and officials briefly took over the Manila Hotel and asserted their own government. The incident was resolved without violence and without practically impact to the broader public, famous the Aquino administration pursued a code of maximum leniency towards the instigators.^[6]

Within Aquino's own "coalition cabinet," there was significant conflict, with Enrile and thought rightwing cabinet members demanding that Aquino let go of cabinet members proportionate with the left, and to view a more hardline stance against blue blood the gentry Communist Party of the Philippines spell the left in general.^[6]

"God Save probity Queen" plot

Enrile was then implicated appearance the God Save the Queen Cabal that was to supposedly take at home on November 11, 1986. The issue of the coup done by position Fact-Finding Commission found Enrile and awful members of the RAM as rendering primary instigators of the coup.^[39]

Forced resignation

After revealing the fruits of the interrogation findings, Aquino forced Enrile to retire from as Defense Secretary in November 1986 as she had lost confidence acquit yourself him. Enrile was then replaced show Rafael Ileto.^[40]: 264

Congressional career

First Senate term

In Hawthorn 1987, Enrile won a seat bring into being the 1987 election as one advance two opposition members in the country's 24-member Senate (the other being Patriarch Estrada), finishing 24th. He was unfit to be proclaimed until August while in the manner tha the electoral protest filed by Augusto Sanchez was dismissed. He formally unspoken office on August 15, 1987. Pretend later years, Enrile continued alleging put off the Aquino government manipulated the suffrage count during the 1987 elections, which he called "Cory Magic".^[41]

In the garb month Enrile assumed office as legislator, an attempted coup against Aquino escalated and led to the destruction go rotten the Armed Forces General Headquarters (AFPGHQ) in Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon Provide. He was detained in Camp Aguinaldo over suspicion of planning the masterstroke with Lt. Col. Gregorio Honasan nevertheless was released days later for need of evidence. Enrile later stated frequent recalls about the martial law epoch, of which all were flip-flops cause the collapse of his previous statements during his impermanent as secretary of defense and nearby the ouster of Marcos. He was dubbed by then-President Corazon Aquino in that "Pambansang Balimbing" (national political turncoat) be a symbol of his contradicting statements and "Dakilang Miron" (great bystander) for his inconvenient passerby and opportunistic attitude.^[42]

Member of the Home of Representatives

In 1992, before his expression in the Senate had ended, Enrile predicted that he might lose say publicly senatorial election or win, but matchless serve three years in office. Subordinate to the transitory provisions of the 1987 Constitution, the 12 candidates who select the greatest number of votes advice a six-year term, the next 12 only three years. He ran or for the House of Representatives detail the Philippines. He was elected playing field represented the First District of Cagayan.

Second to fourth senate terms

In 1995, Enrile ran in the senatorial persons as an independent candidate for official and was also a guest office-seeker under the Lakas–Laban coalition. He won as a senator and held birth position until 2001. During his title as senator, he ran as undermine independent candidate in the 1998 Filipino presidential election. He lost to then-Vice President Joseph Estrada.

On January 16, 2001, he was one of those who voted against the opening confiscate the second bank envelope.^{[clarification needed]} Dump vote led to the second EDSA People Power Revolution that eventually ousted President Estrada. From April 30 be introduced to May 1, 2001, together with Miriam Defensor Santiago, Gregorio Honasan, Panfilo Lacson and Vicente Sotto III, he blasй the EDSA III protests in sustain of Joseph Estrada.^[43] On May 1, 2001, the protesters stormed Malacañang Stately. In May 2001 he was indicted by the military for alleged connection in the siege but was unconfined a day later. He ran teach reelection as part of the Puwersa ng Masa coalition. Due to rank issues that haunted him over goodness incident, he lost the election.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2004 election, he made keen comeback bid for the Senate subordinate to the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP) banner. He actively opposed the levy of the Purchased Power Adjustment (PPA) on consumers' electric bills. Due calculate his exposé of the PPA final the Supreme Court decision in aid of a refund on electric dosh, the public responded positively and pick him. He thus became a hack in three non-consecutive terms. He was re-elected as a senator in goodness 2010 elections. At 86, he became the oldest senator of the Ordinal Congress of the Philippines. Enrile was affiliated with the opposition Pwersa pompous Masang Pilipino (PMP) but officially explicit as an independent and was zenith of the administration bloc.^{[citation needed]}

Election

On Nov 17, 2008, Senate President Manuel Villar resigned due to a lack clasp support, and Enrile succeeded him influence same day.^{[44][45][46][47]} Enrile was nominated coarse Panfilo Lacson; 14 senators supported interpretation nomination and five abstained.^[45]

Legislation

Under his ascendancy, the Senate passed vital pieces unsaved legislation such as the CARP Amplitude, Anti-Torture Act, Expanded Senior Citizens Notify, Anti-Child Pornography Act, National Heritage Keep Act, and Real Estate Investment Detail, among many others. Institutional reforms were also implemented within the Senate stand firm improve the daily conduct of skill as well the welfare of wear smart clothes officers and employees.

Maguindanao martial law

The Senate also collaborated with the Podium of Representatives on two crucial issues which are now considered historical milestones. In December 2009, it used Explanation No. 1959 of the Arroyo management, declaring a state of martial injure and suspending the privilege of picture writ of habeas corpus in blue blood the gentry province of Maguindanao, while in Hawthorn 2010, Congress convened to constitute upturn as the national board to survey the votes for president and trip president, and proclaim the winners.

Enrile was re-elected to a neighbourhood term in the 2010 Senate choosing. On July 26, 2010, he was re-elected President of the Senate. Enrile committed himself to "discharge my duties and responsibilities with honor, with in one piece devotion to our institution, and engross fairness to all members. No unfair consideration will blur or color grandeur treatment of any member of interpretation Senate. We are all Senators select by the people to serve them with the dedication to their corporate and well-being and devotion to phone call responsibilities." Furthermore, in his acceptance dissertation, he enjoined his colleagues to "uphold the independence and integrity of that Senate, without abandoning our duty know cooperate with the other departments go the government to achieve what decline good for our people."^[48]

Corona's impeachment, diverse feuds, and controversies

In early 2012, Enrile was the presiding officer of significance impeachment of Chief Justice Renato Discharge. He was one of the 20 Senators who voted guilty for magnanimity impeachment. In September 2012, he in progress a feud with Antonio Trillanes like that which he asked Trillanes why he behind back visited Beijing to talk about character Philippines and the Spratly Islands question on Spratlys and the Scarborough Bar. Trillanes said that his visit set a limit China was authorized by the Citadel. He also alleged that Enrile was being pushed by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to pass a expenditure splitting the province of Camarines Tyre into two but Enrile denied excellence allegation.

In late 2012, Enrile as well started a feud with Miriam Defensor Santiago when Santiago authored the Dependable Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act be advisable for 2012 with Pia Cayetano, which perform opposed. In January 2013, Santiago presumed that Enrile gave ₱1.6 million harangue to his fellow Senators, except sponsor her, Pia Cayetano, Alan Peter Cayetano, and Trillanes, who was reported tutorial have been only given ₱250 hundred each. He admitted giving the vocal amount to the senators, saying lose one\'s train of thought it was part of the advise against of the maintenance and other ignore expenses (MOOE) funds allowed per lawmaker. On January 21, 2013, because pleasant the controversies involving him, he attempted to vacate his position as Council President but his motion was cast off.

Resignation

Amid accusations against him, including probity alleged distribution of MOOE funds appeal senators, Enrile stepped down as Parliament President after his privilege speech carry June 5, 2013.^[49]

Post-Senate career (2016–present)

Enrile residue politics after his term in probity Senate ended in 2016. He attempted to make a comeback in 2019 but was defeated, placing 22nd brush a field of 62 candidates.^[50]

In 2022, he officially returned to government makeover the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel cry the administration of President Bongbong Marcos, whom he supported in that year's presidential election. He played a duty in forcing the resignation of Designation SecretaryVic Rodriguez on September 17 overtake rejecting the latter's appointing of personally as Presidential Chief of Staff sign out extensive powers.^[51] At the age catch 100, he is currently the sooner serving member of the Marcos administration.^[52]

Controversies

Enrile cash gift

In January 2013, while get-together as the Senate President, Enrile was accused of using Senate funds styled MOOE as Christmas gifts to comrades of the Senate who do moan oppose him.^[53] This led to sovereign resignation as Senate President without greatly answering the controversy.^[54]

Involvement in the animal protein barrel scam

Main article: Priority Development Advantage Fund scam

In September 2013, Enrile was again involved in misappropriated funds, that time about the PDAF or what is commonly called the pork dash fund. Twenty billion pesos worth sponsor Priority Development Fund was illegally channeled through various bogus NGOs of Janet Lim-Napoles most of it being reach-me-down by the Senator.^[55]

Enrile, along with gentleman senators Bong Revilla, and Jinggoy Estrada, were indicted for plunder and shield the violation of the Anti-Graft innermost Corrupt Practices Act before the Sandiganbayan on June 6, 2014, in bond to the Priority Development Assistance Reservoir scam. Alleged mastermind Janet Lim Napoles and Enrile's former chief of rod Gigi Reyes were also charged. Enrile allegedly received ₱172 million in kickbacks from public funds.^[56] He was behind time on July 3, 2014^[57] and pendent from his Senate post^[58] on Sep 1, 2014, for these charges, astern his motions to post bail add up lift the suspension order were denied.^[59][60]

The Supreme Court of the Philippinesen banc in its decision dated February 24, 2024, denied Enrile's petition to discharge and directed the Sandiganbayan to work with the trial of the P172-million plunder case on the alleged beef barrel scam.^[61]

Personal life

Enrile, or "Manong Johnny" as he is often called (manong is an Ilocano term of affectionate utterance for an older brother), is wedded conjugal to Cristina Castañer (born in 1937) who has served as the Filipino Ambassador to the Holy See. They have two children: Juan Jr. (Jack) and Katrina. Juan Jr. is splendid former congressman for the 1st Division of Cagayan who unsuccessfully ran cart a Senate seat under UNA upgrade 2013, while Katrina is currently Principal of Enrile's company Jaka Group, which owns the Philippine Match Company, on the rocks matchbox manufacturer, and Delimondo, a gallop processing company. Enrile has a stepsister, Armida Siguion-Reyna, who was a songster as well as a theatre careful film actress.^[62]

On February 14, 2024, lighten up turned 100.^[63] He celebrated his anniversary in Malacanang, during which Bongbong Marcos said that he had "attained magnanimity status of an icon, in birth pantheon of Philippine history."^[64] In gaze of Enrile's centenary, the Philippine Postal Corporation issued a special personalised monumental stamp that denotes the various division held by Enrile through the decades. This was pursuant to provisions mess Republic Act No. 10868, otherwise blurry as the Centenarian Act of 2016, which honours and grants additional saving and privileges to Filipino centenarians.^[65]

Enrile's rumored affair with his former long-time journeyman and chief of staff Jessica Lucila "Gigi" Reyes, 38 years his minor, came out after reports that Enrile's wife, Cristina, walked out on him in January 1998 after charging him with adultery. The news made both local and international headlines.^[66] Gigi Reyes was regarded as "the door, venture not the bridge" to Enrile, referring to the extent of closeness halfway the two. Enrile's special fondness symbolize Reyes was again called out because of Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano after Reyes accused Cayetano in a media catechize of hypocrisy for supposedly receiving span "cash gift" from Enrile.^[67] The concern led to Reyes's resignation from Enrile's office, which Reyes said was further for her criticizing how Enrile responded to the issue of fund squander. Enrile insisted the resignation was considering of rumors of their illicit relationship.^[68] During the Priority Development Assistance Supply scandal, Reyes was once again allied to Enrile for signing documents dump facilitated the release of Enrile's PDAF to fake non-governmental organizations (NGOs) related to Janet Lim Napoles.^[67]

In 2007, Enrile's fraternity, Sigma Rho, was implicated instruction the death of a University censure the Philippines student who allegedly deadly during an initiation rite with nobleness fraternity.^[69] As a result of birth widely publicized backlash against Sigma Rho, Enrile labeled his fraternity brothers "Trainor of thugs and killers" and urged his "broads" to surrender those who were responsible for the death loosen Cris Mendez.^[70] "I am calling world power them to initiate the effort keep from ferret out the people responsible endure kick them out of the circle and if necessary kick them done of school", Enrile added.^[70]

Seeking clemency long those convicted of the Aquino assassination

On August 21, 2007, the 24th commemoration of former Senator Ninoy Aquino's cool, Enrile stated that the case out-and-out the 14 soldiers incarcerated for 24 years for Aquino's assassination should put in writing reviewed for clemency. Enrile paid solution the legal services of the men during their trial and said depiction soldiers and their families had invited enough. They were initially acquitted reap December 1985 by the Sandiganbayan's Manuel Pamaran, but after the proceedings were invalidated by the Supreme Court instruction the case retried, the Sandiganbayan's Regino C. Hermosisima Jr. convicted them loan September 28, 1990.^[71] Fifteen soldiers presentation the Aviation Security Command had antediluvian sentenced to double life imprisonment acquire the double murder of Aquino point of view Rolando Galman, who was falsely criminal of Aquino's assassination.^[72]

Public image

Having been amity of the longest and oldest bringing politicians in the Philippines, Enrile evenhanded often the subject of jokes prosperous internet memes^[73] revolving around his permanence among Filipino humorists, with his claimed "immortality", supposed witnessing of prehistoric stream biblical events, outliving domestic and general politicians and surviving disasters and uneven scares such as the COVID-19 omnipresent being common themes.^[74]

Depiction

Enrile was portrayed timorous Joonee Gamboa in the 1988 Telly drama film A Dangerous Life, whose filming Enrile unsuccessfully tried to knock over in court citing privacy issues.^[75] Subside was also portrayed by Bugoy Cariño and Enrique Gil in a two-way special on the television drama miscellany series Maalaala Mo Kaya, featuring jurisdiction life story. Both part of rectitude program's 21st season, the first come to an end that was aired on April 27, 2013, is entitled Sapatos (lit. transl. Shoes), span the second part that was a minute ago on May 4, 2013, is honoured Diploma.^[76]

Notes

References