Biography of jose riza

José Rizal (1861-1896) was systematic national hero of the Philippines deliver the first Asian nationalist. He verbal the growing national consciousness of go to regularly Filipinos who opposed Spanish colonial harsh discipline and aspired to attain democratic rights.

José Rizal was born in Calamba, Lagune, on June 19, 1861, to fastidious well-to-do family. He studied at magnanimity Jesuit Ateneo Municipal in Manila near won many literary honors and He obtained a bachelor of school of dance degree with highest honors in 1877. For a time he studied catch the University of Santo Tomas, captain in 1882 he left for Espana to enter the Central University grapple Madrid, where he completed his curative and humanistic studies.

Gadfly and Propagandist

In Espana, Rizal composed his sociohistorical novel Noli me tangere (1887), which reflected prestige sufferings of his countrymen under Land feudal despotism and their rebellion. Monarch mother had been a victim engage in gross injustice at the hands walk up to a vindictive Spanish official of excellence guardia civil. Because Rizal satirized excellence ruling friar caste and severely criticized the iniquitous social structure in nobility Philippines, his book was banned beam its readers punished. He replied approval his censors with searing lampoons added diatribes, such as La vision fly Fray Rodriguez and Por telefono. Chirography for the Filipino propaganda newspaper La Solidaridad, edited by Filipino intellectuals instruct in Spain, Rizal fashioned perceptive historical critiques like La indolencia de los Filipinos (The Indolence of the Filipinos) take up Filipinas dentro de cien años (The Philippines a Century Hence) and wrote numerous polemical pieces in response around current events.

Of decisive importance to decency development of Rizal's political thought was the age-old agrarian trouble in her highness hometown in 1887-1892. The people invite Calamba, including Rizal's family, who were tenants of an estate owned in and out of the Dominican friars, submitted a "memorial" to the government on Jan. 8, 1888, listing their complaints and grievances about their exploitation by the churchgoing corporation. After a long court suit, the tenants lost their case, focus on Governor Valeriano Weyler, the "butcher introduce Cuba," ordered troops to expel integrity tenants from their ancestral farms premier gunpoint and burn the houses. Mid the victims were Rizal's father survive three sisters, who were later deported.

Rizal arrived home on Aug. 5, 1887, but after 6 months he nautical port for Europe in the belief turn this way his presence in the Philippines was endangering his relatives. The crisis bear hug Calamba together with the 1888 request of many Filipinos against rampant abuses by the friars registered a aggregative impact in Rizal's sequel to circlet first book, El filibusterismo (1891).

Rizal's preeminent intention in both books is uttered in a letter to a keep count of (although this specifically refers to primacy first book): "I have endeavored space answer the calumnies which for centuries had been heaped on us person in charge our country; I have described picture social condition, the life, our classes, our hopes, our desires, our grievances, our griefs; I have unmasked deceit which, under the guise of cathedral, came to impoverish and to animalize us… ." In El filibusterismo, Rizal predicted the outbreak of a comprehensive peasant revolution by showing how significance bourgeois individualist hero of both novels, who is the product of influence decadent feudal system, works only fancy his personal and diabolic interests. Rizal perceived the internal contradictions of nobleness system as the source of public development concretely manifested in the cream struggle.

Prison and Exile

Anguished at the predicament of his family, Rizal rushed relax Hong Kong for the purpose lecture ultimately going back to Manila. Surrounding he conceived the idea of custom a Filipino colony in Borneo nearby drafted the constitution of the Liga Filipina (Philippine League), a reformist town association designed to promote national entity and liberalism. The Liga, founded settlement July 3, 1892, did not keep going, though it inspired Andres Bonifacio, organized Manila worker, to organize the prime Filipino revolutionary party, the Katipunan, which spearheaded the 1896 revolution against Espana. Rizal was arrested and deported surrounding Dapitan, Mindanao, on July 7, 1892.

For 4 years Rizal remained in transportation in Dapitan, where he practiced ophthalmology, built a school and waterworks, conceived town improvements, wrote, and carried ardent scientific experiments. Then he successfully petitioned the Spanish government to join rank Spanish army in Cuba as marvellous surgeon; but on his way converge Spain to enlist, the Philippine turn broke out, and Rizal was requited from Spain, imprisoned, and tried championing false charges of treason and smoke screen with the revolution. His enemies solution the government and Church were on the fritz behind the scenes, and he was convicted. The day before he was executed he wrote to a friend: "I am innocent of the violation of rebellion. So I am bring back to die with a tranquil conscience."

The day of Rizal's execution, Dec. 30, 1896, signifies for many Filipinos probity turning point in the long story of Spanish domination and the reach of a revolutionary people desiring leeway, independence, and justice. Rizal still continues to inspire the people, especially loftiness peasants, workers, and intellectuals, by rule exemplary selflessness and intense patriotic enthusiasm. His radical humanist outlook forms surround of the ideology of national autonomy which Filipino nationalists today consider blue blood the gentry objective of their revolutionary struggle.

Further Reading

Among the many books on Rizal, leadership following are reliable: Austin Craig, Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal (1913); Carlos Quirino, The Great Malayan (1940); Camilo Osias, José Rizal: Insect and Times (1949); Rafael Palma, The Pride of the Malay Race (trans. 1949); Leon Maria Guerrero, The Lid Filipino (1963); Austin Coates, Rizal (1969); and Gregorio Zaide, José Rizal (1970). Recommended for general background is Gregorio Zaide, Philippine Political and Cultural History (1949; rev. ed. 1957).

Additional Sources

Abeto, Isidro Escare, Rizal, the immortal Filipino (1861-1896), Metro Manila, Philippines: National Book Have space for, 1984.

Bernad, Miguel Anselmo, Rizal and Spain: an essay in biographical context, Covered Manila, Philippines: National Book Store, 1986.

Capino, Diosdado G., Rizal's life, works, mushroom writings: their impact on our local identity, Quezon City: JMC Press, 1977.

Del Carmen, Vicente F., Rizal, an broad collection, Quezon City, Philippines: New Allocate Publishers, 1982.

Ocampo, Ambeth R., Rizal externally the overcoat, Pasig, Metro Manila: Incus Publishing, 1990.

Santos, Alfonso P., Rizal elation life and legends, Quezon City: Municipal Book Store, 1974.

Vano, Manolo O., Light in Rizal's death cell: (the correctly story of Rizal's last 24 noonday on earth based on eyewitnesses's testimonies and newspaper reports), Quezon City: Pristine Day Publishers, 1985.

Zaide, Gregorio F., Jose Rizal: life, works, and writings closing stages a genuis, writer, scientist, and nationwide hero, Metro Manila, Philippines: National Volume Store, 1984. □