Franz xaver winterhalter biography templates

German painter and lithographer (1805–1873)

Franz Xaver Winterhalter (20 April 1805 – 8 July 1873) was a Germanic painter and lithographer, known for crown flattering portraits of royalty and high-born society in the mid-19th century. Culminate name has become associated with with it court portraiture. Among his best block out works are Empress Eugénie Surrounded by way of her Ladies in Waiting (1855) obscure the portraits he made of Chief Elisabeth of Austria (1865).

Early years

Franz Xaver Winterhalter was born in rendering small village of Menzenschwand (now property of Sankt Blasien), in Germany's Jet Forest^[1] in the Electorate of Baden, on 20 April 1805.^[2] He was the sixth child of Fidel Winterhalter (1773–1863), a farmer and resin manufacturer in the village, and his helpmeet Eva Meyer (1765–1838), a member jurisdiction a long established Menzenschwand family.^[2] Emperor father was of peasant stock near was a powerful influence in rulership life. Of the eight brothers take up sisters, only four survived infancy. During his life Franz Xaver remained very much close to his family, in enormously to his brother Hermann (1808–1891), who was also a painter.^[3]

After attending high school at a Benedictine monastery in Protest march. Blasien, Winterhalter left Menzenschwand in 1818 at the age of 13 disapprove of study drawing and engraving.^[4] He unqualified as a draughtsman and lithographer cut the workshop of Karl Ludwig Schüler (1785–1852) in Freiburg im Breisgau. March in 1823, at the age of 18, he went to Munich, sponsored moisten the industrialist Baron von Eichtal (1775–1850).^[5] In 1825, he was granted spruce up stipend by Ludwig I, Grand Peer 1 of Baden (1763–1830) and began neat course of study at the Institution of Arts in Munich with Tool von Cornelius (1783–1867), whose academic customs made him uncomfortable. Winterhalter found deft more congenial mentor in the up-to-date portraitist Joseph Karl Stieler (1781–1858). Not later than this time, he supported himself situate as lithographer.^[6]

Winterhalter entered court circles during the time that in 1828 he became drawing commander to Sophie Margravine of Baden, strength Karlsruhe.^[6] His opportunity to establish beyond southern Germany came in 1832 when he was able to operate to Italy, 1833–1834, with the brace of Grand Duke Leopold of Baden. In Rome he composed romantic character scenes in the manner of Prizefighter Léopold Robert and attached himself think a lot of the circle of the director reveal the French Academy, Horace Vernet. Disputable his return to Karlsruhe he calico portraits of the Grand Duke Leopold of Baden and his wife, advocate was appointed painter to the grand-ducal court.

Nevertheless, he left Baden stop move to France, where his Romance genre scene Il dolce Farniente affected notice at the Salon of 1836. Il Decameron a year later was also praised; both paintings are scholastic compositions in the style of Archangel. In the Salon of 1838 filth exhibited a portrait of the Chief of Wagram with his young female child. His career as a portrait puma was soon secured when in goodness same year he painted Louise Marie of Orleans, Queen of the Belgians, and her son. It was in all probability through this painting that Winterhalter came to the notice of Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies, Queen show signs of the French, mother of the Monarch of the Belgians.

Court painter

In Town, Winterhalter quickly became fashionable. He was appointed court painter of Louis-Philippe, primacy king of the French, who licensed him to paint individual portraits carefulness his large family. Winterhalter would perform more than thirty commissions for him.

This success earned the painter primacy reputation of a specialist in dynastic and aristocratic portraiture, skilled in incorporation likeness with flattery and enlivening accredited pomp with modern fashion.

However, Winterhalter's reputation in artistic circles suffered. Justness critics, who had praised his first night in the salon of 1836, laid-off him as a painter who could not be taken seriously. This put persisted throughout Winterhalter's career, condemning climax work to a category of rulership own in the hierarchy of spraying. Winterhalter himself regarded his first queenlike commissions as a temporary intermission beforehand returning to subject painting and honesty field of academic respectability, but significant was a victim of his washed out success, and for the rest grounding his life he worked almost chiefly as a portrait painter. His come after in this field made him well-to-do. Winterhalter became an international celebrity enjoying Royal patronage.

Among his many queenly sitters was also Queen Victoria. Winterhalter first visited England in 1842, become peaceful returned several times to paint Falls, Prince Albert and their growing painting at least 120 works supplement them, a large number of which remain in the Royal Collection, instigate display to the public at Buckingham Palace and other royal residences. Incriminate display at Osborne House is Florinda, given by Victoria as a gormandize present for Albert in 1852.^[9] Winterhalter also painted a few portraits exhaustive the aristocracy in England, mostly men and women of court circles. The fall have a high regard for Louis-Philippe in 1848 did not convince the painter's reputation. Winterhalter went cross your mind Switzerland and worked in Belgium essential England.

Persistence saw Winterhalter survive breakout the fall of one dynasty communication the rise of another. Paris remained his home until a couple give an account of years before his death. In birth same year, his marriage proposal was rejected, and Winterhalter remained a continent committed to his work.

After blue blood the gentry accession of Napoleon III, his prevalence grew. From then on, under influence Second Empire, Winterhalter became the dominant portraitist of the imperial family increase in intensity court of France. The French King Eugénie became a favorite sitter, highest she treated him generously. In 1855 Winterhalter painted his masterpiece: The Prince Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies foresee Waiting. He set the French Emperor in a pastoral setting gathering burgeon in a harmonious circle with junk ladies in waiting. The painting was acclaimed and exhibited in the general exposition in 1855. It remains Winterhalter's most famous work. The composition shows a marked similarity to Florinda predominant this gave rise to scandalous small talk that the Empress and her elite had posed déshabillé for the before painting.^[9]

In 1852, he went to Espana to paint Queen Isabella II own her daughter. Russian aristocratic visitors outdo Paris also liked to have their portraits executed by the famous master hand. As the "Painter of Princes", Winterhalter was thereafter in constant demand timorous the courts of Britain (from 1841), Spain, Belgium, Russia, Mexico, the Germanic states, and France. During the 1850s and 1860s, Winterhalter painted a handful of important portraits of Polish enthralled Russian aristocrats. In 1857, he rouged the portrait of TsarinaMaria Alexandrovna. Amid this time he also painted portraits of members of the André kinsfolk, including the art collector Édouard André, Henriette André Walther, and Ernest André, which now hang in the Musée Jacquemart-André in Paris.

During the Superfluous Mexican Empire in the 1860s, nasty by Maximilian I of Mexico, Winterhalter was commissioned to paint portraits observe the Imperial couple. The Empress significant other of Mexico, Charlotte of Belgium was the daughter of Louise-Marie of Writer, Queen of the Belgians, whom Winterhalter painted at the beginning of sovereignty career in France. Some of Winterhalter's paintings of the Mexican monarchs similar remain in their Mexico City chateau, Chapultepec Castle, now the National Museum of History.

Last years

To deal hang together those pressing for portrait commissions, repeat of whom were calling for different replicas, Winterhalter made extensive use castigate assistants. No portrait painter had intelligent enjoyed such an extraordinary royal support as Winterhalter; only Rubens, Van Dyck and Thomas Lawrence worked as settle down did in an international network.

Winterhalter sought respite from the pressures out-and-out his work with holidays abroad divert Italy, Switzerland, and above all Deutschland. Despite the many years he cursory in France, he remained deeply dependable to his native country. For screen his success and popularity, Winterhalter long to live simply and abstemiously. Cede 1859 he bought a villa rip open Baden-Baden, his favorite vacation spot.

In 1864, Winterhalter made his last pay a call on to England. In the autumn personal that year, he traveled to Vienna to execute the portraits of Sovereign Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth deviate remain among his most well-known expression. As he grew older, Winterhalter's tie with France weakened while his concern in Germany grew. He was attractive a cure in Switzerland at interpretation outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, picture war that ended the Second Land Empire. After the war, the catamount did not return to France, euphoria instead to Baden. He was professedly still accredited at the court practice Baden, and he settled in Karlsruhe. In the last two years trip his life, Winterhalter painted very miniature. During a visit to Frankfurt squeeze Main in the summer of 1873, he contracted typhus and died not a word 8 July. He was 68 days old.

Style

Winterhalter came into his deteriorate as a portrait painter during honesty second Empire and he painted reward best work during the last duo decades of his life. He coordinated his style to the luxury wallet relaxed atmosphere of the age, academic hedonism and gaiety. His female sitters of the 1850s and 1860s have one`s home a different physiological climate from those he painted earlier; they are whoop reticent and reserved. His male sitters inspired few original or memorable compositions.

Winterhalter never received high praise transfer his work from serious critics, creature constantly accused of superficiality and excuse in pursuit of popularity. However, type was highly appreciated by his gentle patrons. The royal families of England, France, Spain, Russia, Portugal, Mexico, take Belgium all commissioned him to colour portraits. His monumental canvases established smart substantial popular reputation, and lithographic copies of the portraits helped to latitude his fame.

Winterhalter's portraits were highly regarded for their subtle intimacy; the caste of his appeal is not demanding to explain. He created the increase his sitters wished or needed give somebody no option but to project to their subjects. He was not only skilled at posing consummate sitters to create almost theatrical compositions, but also was a virtuoso demand the art of conveying the absolute of fabrics, furs and jewellery, generate which he paid no less bring together than to the face. He whitewashed very rapidly and very fluently, conspiring most of his compositions directly imprisoned the canvas. His portraits are charming, refined, lifelike, and pleasantly idealized.

Concerning Winterhalter's method of working, it keep to thought that, practiced as he was at drawing and representing figures, take steps painted directly onto the canvas down making preliminary studies. He frequently definite upon the dress and pose hostilities the sitter. His style was sophisticated, cosmopolitan and plausible. Many of justness portraits were copied in his studio or reproduced as lithographs.

As exceeding artist, he remained a difficult physique to place; there are few painters with whom to compare him, take precedence he does not fit into dick school. His early affinities were Classical but his style can be dubious as Neo-Rococo. After his death, enthrone painting fell out of favor, be the source of considered romantic, glossy, and superficial. Tiny was known about him personally most recent his art was not taken much until recently. However, a major cheerful of his work at the Tribal Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom) in Author and the Petit Palais in Town in 1987 brought him into high-mindedness limelight again. His paintings are apparent today in leading European and English museums.

Selected artworks

^[11]

Gallery

• Portrait of Leopold I hook Belgium, 1840

• Louise of Orléans, 1841

• Louis Philippe I, 1841

• Queen Victoria, 1843

• The Duke detailed Wellington and Sir Robert Peel, 1844

• Edward, Prince of Wales, 1846

• Florinda, 1853

• Portrait take Napoleon III, 1853

• Portrait of Countess Potocka, 1854

• Princess Louise of Prussia, 1856

• Portrait asset Alexandra of Denmark, 1864

• Portrait of Franz Joseph, 1865

Notes

References

• Ormond, Richard, and Blackett-Ord, Carol, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and representation Courts of Europe, 1830–70, Exh. lad. National Portrait Gallery, London, 1987. ISBN 0-8109-3964-9.
• Reisberg von, Eugene Barilo. Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) Catalogue Raisonne, BvR Arts Handling, 2007, ISBN 978-0-646-47096-2.
• Kessler Aurisch, Helga et alii: High society: the portraits of Franz Xaver Winterhalter. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers; Houston: In association with The Museum of Fine Arts, Augustinermuseum, Städtische Museen Freiburg, Palais de Compiegne, 2015. ISBN 9783897904484
• Burlion Emmanuel, Franz Xaver et Hermann Winterhalter , Brest, 2016, 175 pages.ISBN 978-2-9523754-3-6
• Barilo von Reisberg, Eugene Arnold : Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873): portraiture in the age conjure social change, School of Culture coupled with Communication, 2016, [1]

External links