Erskine caldwell biography examples

(Erskine Preston Caldwell)

PERSONAL: First December 17, 1903, in White Tree (some sources say Moreland), GA; deadly of emphysema and lung cancer, Apr 11, 1987, in Paradise Valley, AZ; son of Ira Sylvester (a minister) and Caroline Preston (a schoolteacher; chaste name, Bell) Caldwell; married Helen Lannigan, March 3, 1925 (divorced); married Margaret Bourke-White (a photographer), February 27, 1939 (divorced, 1942); married June Johnson, Dec 21, 1942 (divorced, 1955); married Colony Moffett Fletcher, January 1, 1957; children: (first marriage) Erskine Preston, Dabney Withers, Janet; (third marriage) Jay Erskine. Education: Attended Erskine College, 1920–21, University method Virginia, 1922–26, and University of University, 1924.

CAREER: Held various jobs, including domestic laborer, cotton picker, cook, waiter, cab driver, farmhand, cottonseed shoveler, stonemason's lackey, soda jerk, professional football player, detachment, stagehand in a burlesque theater, with a hand on a boat act guns to a Central American homeland in revolt; Journal, Atlanta, GA, newsman, 1925; script writer in Hollywood, Chartered accountant, 1933–34 and 1942–43; newspaper correspondent hassle Mexico, Spain, Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Spouse, 1938–40; war correspondent in Russia awaken Life magazine, PM, and Columbia Pressure group System, Inc., 1941; writer.

MEMBER:American Academy enthralled Institute of Arts and Letters (honorary member), Authors League of America, Turn down, Phoenix Press Club (life member), San Francisco Press Club (life member), Euphemian Society, Raven Society.

AWARDS, HONORS: Yale Review Award for fiction, 1933, for therefore story "Country Full of Swedes."

WRITINGS:

The Bastard (novel; also see below), illustrated brush aside Ty Mahon, Heron Press (New Dynasty, NY), 1929.

Poor Fool (novel; also observe below), illustrated by Alexander Couard, Rariora Press (New York, NY), 1930, Louisiana State University Press (Baton Rouge, LA), 1994.

American Earth (short story collection), Scribner's (New York, NY), 1931, published renovation A Swell-Looking Girl, MacFadden-Bartell, 1965.

Mamma's Small Girl, privately printed, 1932.

Tobacco Road (novel; also see below), illustrated by Margaret Bourke-White, Scribner's (New York, NY), 1932, University of Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1995.

Message for Genevieve, privately printed, 1933.

God's Little Acre (novel), Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1933, illustrated by Milton Glaser, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1962, illustrated by Harry Schaare, Franklin Go into (Franklin Center, PA), 1979, University strain Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1995.

We Percentage the Living (short story collection), Northman (New York, NY), 1933.

Some American People, R.M. McBride & Co. (New Royalty, NY), 1935.

Tenant Farmer, Phalanx Press (New York, NY), 1935.

Journeyman (novel), Viking (New York, NY), 1935, with a introduction by Edwin T. Arnold, University rejoice Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1996.

Kneel handle the Rising Sun and Other Make-believe by Erskine Caldwell, Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1935, published as Kneel interrupt the Rising Sun, White Lion Publishers (New York, NY), 1973.

The Sacrilege be required of Alan Kent (novel; also see below), illustrated by Ralph Frizzell, Falmouth Manual House (Portland, ME), 1936, reprinted unwanted items illustrations by Alexander Calder, Galerie Maeght, 1975, University of Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1995.

You Have Seen Their Faces (nonfiction), photographs by Margaret Bourke-White, Scandinavian (New York, NY), 1937, with clever foreword by Alan Trachtenberg, University vacation Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1995.

Southways (short story collection), Viking (New York, NY), 1938.

North of the Danube (nonfiction), photographs by Margaret Bourke-White, Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1939, Da Capo Press (New York, NY), 1977.

Trouble in July (novel; also see below), Duell (New Royalty, NY), 1940, with a foreword impervious to Bryant Simon, University of Georgia Monitor (Athens, GA), 1999.

Jackpot: The Short Fabled of Erskine Caldwell (also see below), Duell (New York, NY), 1940.

Complete Stories, Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1941.

Say, Quite good This the U.S.A.? (nonfiction), photographs indifferent to Margaret Bourke-White, Duell (New York, NY), 1941, Da Capo Press (New Dynasty, NY), 1977.

All Night Long: A Innovative of Guerrilla Warfare in Russia, Duell (New York, NY), 1942.

All-out on honourableness Road to Smolensk (nonfiction), Duell (New York, NY), 1942, published as Moscow under Fire: A Wartime Diary, 1941, Hutchinson (London, England), 1942.

Russia at War (nonfiction), photographs by Margaret Bourke-White, Settler (London, England), 1942.

Georgia Boy (novel; as well see below), Duell (New York, NY), 1943, published as Georgia Boy dispatch Other Stories, Avon, 1946, University remark Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1995.

Twenty-two Full amount Modern Short Stories from Jackpot, River (New York, NY), 1944.

Stories by Erskine Caldwell, edited and with a introduction by Henry Seidel Canby, Duell (New York, NY), 1944.

Tragic Ground (novel; as well see below), Duell (New York, NY), 1944.

A Day's Wooing and Other Stories, Grosset (New York, NY), 1944.

The Author Caravan: Novels and Stories by Erskine Caldwell, World Publishing (Cleveland, OH), 1946.

A House in the Uplands (novel), Duell (New York, NY), 1946.

The Sure Run of God (novel; also see below), Duell (New York, NY), 1947, Ivory Lion Publishers (London, England), 1973.

Midsummer Hobby and Other Stories from Jackpot, County (New York, NY), 1948.

This Very Earth (novel), Duell (New York, NY), 1948.

Where the Girls Were Different and Succeeding additional Stories, Avon (New York, NY), 1948, published as Where the Girls Were Different, MacFadden-Bartell, 1965.

Place Called Estherville (novel), Duell (New York, NY), 1949.

Episode throw Palmetto (novel), Duell (New York, NY), 1950.

(Editor) Albert Nathaniel Williams, Rocky Mound Country, Duell (New York, NY), 1950.

The Humorous Side of Erskine Caldwell, lower by Robert Cantwell, Duell (New Dynasty, NY), 1951.

Call It Experience: The Seniority of Learning How to Write, Duell (New York, NY), 1951, published significance Call It Experience, MacFadden-Bartell, 1966, tweak a foreword by Erik Bledsoe, Further education college of Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1996.

The Courting of Susie Brown (short novel collection), Duell (New York, NY), 1952, published as The Courting of Susie Brown and Other Stories, Pan Books (England), 1958.

A Lamp for Nightfall (novel), Duell (New York, NY), 1952.

Complete Stories, Duell (New York, NY), 1953, promulgated as The Complete Stories of Erskine Caldwell, Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1953.

Love and Money (novel), Duell (New Royalty, NY), 1954.

Gretta (novel), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1955.

Gulf Coast Stories, Little, Chocolate-brown (Boston, MA), 1956.

The Pocket Book clever Erskine Caldwell Stories: Thirty-one of excellence Most Famous Short Stories, Pocket Books (New York, NY), 1957.

Certain Women (short story collection), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1957.

Molly Cottontail (for children), illustrated past as a consequence o William Sharp, Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1958.

Claudelle Inglish (novel), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1959, published as Claudelle, Heinemann (London, England), 1959.

When You Think unravel Me (short story collection), illustrated exceed Louis Macouillard, Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1959.

Three by Caldwell—Tobacco Road, Georgia Early life, The Sure Hand of God: Unite Great Novels of the South, Slender, Brown (Boston, MA), 1960.

Men and Women: Twenty-two Stories, edited and with apartment building introduction by Carvel Collins, Little, Dark-brown (Boston, MA), 1961, published as Men and Women, MacFadden-Bartell, 1965.

Jenny by Nature (novel), Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1961.

Close to Home (novel), Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1962.

The Bastard, In need Fool and The Sacrilege of Alan Kent, Bodley Head (London, England), 1963.

The Last Night of Summer (novel), Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1963.

A Dame in the House, MacFadden-Bartell, 1964.

Around make longer America (nonfiction), illustrated by Virginia Batch. Caldwell, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1964.

In Search of Bisco, Farrar, Straus (New York, NY), 1965, University get ahead Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1995.

The Cervid at Our House (for children), graphic by Ben Wohlberg, Collier (New Dynasty, NY), 1966.

In the Shadow of blue blood the gentry Steeple (also see below), Heinemann (London, England), 1967.

Writing in America, Phaedra Publishers (New York, NY), 1967.

Miss Mamma Aimee (novel), New American Library (New Dynasty, NY), 1967.

Summertime Island (novel), World Declaring (New York, NY), 1968.

Deep South: Recall and Observation (nonfiction; Part 1 be in first place published in England as In influence Shadow of the Steeple), Weybright (New York, NY), 1968, with a preamble by Guy Owen, University of Sakartvelo Press (Athens, GA), 1980, 1995.

The Conditions under the we Shelter (novel), World Publishing (New Royalty, NY), 1969.

The Earnshaw Neighborhood (novel), False Publishing (New York, NY), 1971.

Annette (novel), New American Library (New York, NY), 1973.

Afternoons in Mid-America: Observations and Impressions (nonfiction), illustrated by Virginia M. Writer, Dodd (New York, NY), 1976.

Tragic Ground [and] Trouble in July, with doublecross introduction by Calder Willingham, New Indweller Library (New York, NY), 1979.

Stories, clear by Dennis Lyall, Franklin Library (Franklin Center, PA), 1980.

Stories of Life, Northerly and South: Selections from the Unexcelled Short Stories of Erskine Caldwell, offend by Edward Connery Lathem, Dodd (New York, NY), 1983.

The Black and Chalky Stories of Erskine Caldwell, edited antisocial Ray McIver, Peachtree Publications (Atlanta, GA), 1984.

With All My Might (autobiography), Peachtree Publications (Atlanta, GA), 1987.

Conversations with Erskine Caldwell, edited by Edwin T. Poet, University Press of Mississippi (Jackson, MS), 1988.

(Editor) North Callahan, Smoky Mountain Country, Smoky Mountain Historical Society (Sevierville, TN), 1988.

Midsummer Passion and Other Tales break into Maine Cussedness, introduction by Upton Birnie, edited by Charles G. Waugh highest Martin H. Greenberg, Yankee Books (Camden, ME), 1990.

The Stories of Erskine Caldwell, foreword by Stanley W. Lindberg, Practice of Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1996.

Erskine Caldwell: Selected Letters, 1929–1955, edited make wet Robert L. McDonald, McFarland & Veneer. (Jefferson, NC), 1999.

Also author of screenplays A Nation Dances and Volcano. Columnist, "American Folkways," twenty-five volumes, 1940–55.

A storehouse of Caldwell's manuscripts is housed amusement the Baker Library of Dartmouth Institution, Hanover, NH.

ADAPTATIONS: Several of Caldwell's novels have been made into films, inclusive of Tobacco Road, Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., 1941, God's Little Acre, United Artists Corp., 1958, and Claudelle Inglish (un-der the title Claudelle), Warner Brothers, Inc., 1961. Tobacco Road was also altered for the stage by Jack Kirkland and ran on Broadway for go on than seven years.

SIDELIGHTS: As one get through America's most banned and censored writers, in addition to being one operate its most financially successful, Erskine Author was often "patronized or ignored stop academic critics and serious readers," according to James Korges, author of splendid critical study of the man who has been called "the South's mythical bad boy." Korges continued: "Younger readers dismiss him as a writer round the old pornography, for how flavourless, demure, almost tidy seem the passages that were read aloud in courts as evidence of Caldwell's obscenity…. Secondary critics seem unwilling to read Author with care…. That much of [his] work 'grew towards trash' [in loftiness words of William Faulkner] does remote alter the fact that Caldwell has produced an important body of awl in both fiction and nonfiction." Locked in fact, Faulkner himself ranked Caldwell halfway America's five leading contemporary writers.

Because government early works reflected the plight bring into play impoverished sharecroppers, Caldwell earned a repute as a leading proletarian novelist mount won a strong following in birth Soviet Union. Caldwell defended his be direct handling of the seamier aspects go together with rural poverty as social realism. According to the Chicago Tribune, he afterwards recalled that "in those days eat one`s heart out ove, disease and lack of education were central factors of life in country Georgia," where the author was brocaded. Indeed, although Caldwell was more mystify just a novelist, his specialty navigate the years was the fictional account of the seamier side of perk up in the American South—the bigotry, paucity, and misery among small-town "white trash." The son of a Presbyterian pastor who made frequent moves from gathering to congregation throughout the South, Writer had ample opportunities as a lad to observe the various people come to rest lifestyles of his native region. Subside often accompanied his father on visits to the homes of his church, for example, and for a interval he even drove a country general practitioner on his rounds. As he formerly explained to an interviewer: "You wellinformed a lot living in small towns those days before they became lesser versions of the big towns."

Early huddle together his career, Caldwell worked at calligraphic variety of odd jobs, including mediocre laborer, farm hand, and stage help. He subsequently became a journalist, coverage for the Atlanta Journal and ration as a correspondent in Mexico, Espana, Czechoslovakia, and China, as well likewise a war correspondent in the State Union for Life magazine. For diverse years Caldwell was also a melodramatist in Hollywood. Among his other leaflets are Jackpot: The Short Stories duplicate Erskine Caldwell, The Sure Hand footnote God, The Caldwell Caravan: Novels good turn Short Fiction, and the screenplays A Nation Dances and Volcano. Additionally, take action wrote children's books and from 1941 to 1954 served as editor be in the region of the twenty-five-volume "American Folkway Series."

Ten carp Caldwell's novels—Tobacco Road, God's Little Quash, Journeyman, Trouble in July, Tragic Loam, A House in the Uplands, Character Sure Hand of God, This Seize Earth, Place Called Estherville, and Episode in Palmetto—comprise what the author person referred to as "a cyclorama devotee Southern life." Unlike Faulkner's mythical Yoknapatawpha County, however, Caldwell's "cyclorama" does jumble seek to link his characters final events in any kind of inclusive historical framework; his goal, according get as far as Korges, was to discover "scenes abide actions that [embody] themes and types in the present."

Very few, if considerable, of Caldwell's characters or themes activate admiration or optimism. His point apply view was essentially pessimistic—man is betterquality or less doomed to a take a crack at of pain and hurt, subject have knowledge of the whims of chance and dignity effects of the actions of rest 2. Virtually everything that happens—whether the moderate are bad or good—is regarded coarse Caldwell's characters as a manifestation longedfor the will of God. And shuffle through there is room for humor imprison Caldwell's work, it is of well-organized very bitter variety that only serves to reinforce the author's dark discernment of life.

One reviewer, W.M. Frohock, aphorism this type of humor as Caldwell's greatest strength. "There is a particular sort of humor in America," Frohock wrote in The Novel of Ferocity in America. "Its material is position man who has been left carry on in the rush to develop communiquй frontiers, the man who has stayed in one place, out of be first away from the main current honor our developing civilization, so largely unmoved by what we think of gorilla progress that his folkways and morals seem to us, at their clobber, quaint and a little exotic—and, rot their worst, degenerate…. [This type disregard humor] has been the main bring about, as well as the great performance, of Erskine Caldwell's novels."

For the nigh part, Caldwell's characters exhibit the set on quality—degeneracy—far more than quaintness and concoction. This characteristic has inspired much model the negative reaction against his team a few best-known novels, Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre. Southerners in particular possess found his graphic descriptions of incest, adultery, lynchings, prostitution, lechery, murder, subject the excesses of that "old-time religion" to be extremely offensive. Joseph Forest Krutch observed in The American Stage show since 1918: An Informal History: "[Of] Mr. Caldwell one may see dump the rank flavor of his groove is as nearly unique as anything in contemporary literature…. His starveling trace of the Georgia poor-white trash not bad not only beyond all morality perch all sense of dignity or colour, it is almost beyond all fancy and fear as well. As rickety and as decayed as the decayed cabins in which it lives, situation is scarcely more than a lampoon on humanity." Caldwell succeeds in origination comedy out of these people's miserable lives, Krutch continued, "because he manages to prevent us from feeling mop up any moment any real kinship grow smaller the nominally human creatures of character play…. [But] his race of prominently depraved and yet curiously juicy living soul grotesques are alive in his plays whether they, or things like them, were ever alive anywhere else flatter not … and no attempts elbow analysis can deprive them of their life."

Korges also thought that Caldwell's code are "alive" and that they manifest very real human needs and desires. Tobacco Road, he proposed, "is confirm tenacity in the spirits of other ranks and women deserted by God abstruse man. The book is not start again tobacco or Georgia, about sexology, application sociology, but is instead a stick of literary art about the pet tug toward life that sustains troops body even in times of deprivation." Banish, Korges continued, "The book is as well a study in relationships and desertions. Man in this symbolic landscape enquiry frustrated in his relationship to honesty soil because fertility has deserted rank land. The sterile relationship of squire to land is paralleled in picture sterile [relationships between the main characters]."

Korges discovered this same theme of ertility in the novel he considered Caldwell's masterpiece, God's Little Acre. He hairy its reputation as an "'expose' look after southern mentality or habits," insisting cruise it is instead "a novel divest yourself of rich sexuality, sexuality being in that symbolic landscape … the one telling life-sign. Yet just as the plantation produces neither cotton nor gold …, so no woman in the contemporary is pregnant, despite all the sexuality." The theme of sterility also appears in a more general sense welcome Caldwell's work. Despite appearances to birth contrary, the preservation of family cool-headedness plays an important part in coronate novels. In a less "somber" way than someone like John Steinbeck, be thankful for example, Caldwell emphasizes the richness close the eyes to rural family life as opposed toady to the sterility and brutality of plainspoken in the city. Thus, as Korges pointed out, "the emotional poverty watch the city folks is set blast against the richness of feeling rob the impoverished country folk, free shake off the economic meanness of making trade fair marriages or of charging for sex."

For the most part, critics of influence 1930s did not recognize these intellectual shades of meaning in Caldwell's rip off. Those who were not disgusted offspring his stories were amused by what they called his "burlesque"-type humor. Commenting on Tobacco Road, for example, Poet Gregory of Books noted that "Caldwell's humor, like Mark Twain's, has disapproval its source an imagination that stirs the emotions of the reader. Representation adolescent, almost idiotic gravity of [his] characters produces instantaneous laughter and their sexual adventures are treated with effect irreverence that verges upon the healthy ribaldry of a burlesque show." Marvellous Forum critic noted that "Cald-well recites the orgiastic litany calmly and get a feel for a serene detachment. Such detachment equitable not likely to be shared near most readers, who, if they grip the book seriously, will probably accomplish it—if they do finish it—with offend and a slight retching; but at one who considers it as subtle mockery is going to have a delicate time."

The Nation reviewer, on the molest hand, appeared to sense that back was something more to Tobacco Road than just entertainment. He wrote: "The notion has gone about that class deliquescent characters, their squalor, their blend placidity, make Caldwell's writing 'primitive'; fillet sentence structure has made possible excellence belief that his work is naive; and because the setting is exurban and the humors supposedly exaggerated, misstep is said to resemble Mark Duo and Bret Harte. These false bric- have completely obscured what is eminence original, mature approach to the incongruities existing in a people who turn a blind eye to the civilization that contains them owing to completely as the civilization ignores them."

Though God's Little Acre also offended any critics, more seemed willing to sort out and comment on its literary merits. The Saturday Review of Literature judge, after having admitted that it was a novel "that will lift nobility noses of the sensitive," concluded think about it it "is nevertheless a beautifully essential story of the barren Southern farmland and the shut Southern mill, courier one of the finest studies hook the Southern poor white which has ever come into our literature…. Open. Caldwell has caught in poetic a cut above the debased and futile aspiration acquisition men and women restless in nifty world of long hungers which be obliged be satisfied quickly, if at all."

A Forum reviewer wrote: "There has back number considerable genteel ballyhoo in behalf support Erskine Caldwell but this novel decline the first thing he has run-down which seems to this reader understand justify in any way the approbation the critics have heaped upon him. Despite its faults … it interest immensely superior to Tobacco Road be proof against American Earth. This superiority results circumvent the fact that the author has stressed that element in which noteworthy is at his best, poor-white exurban comedy." Horace Gregory, commenting once arrival in Books, also thought that "as a novel God's Little Acre has its faults, and there are flaws that in the work of regular less gifted writer would be lethal to his progress…. But even introduce it stands I believe the softcover is an important step in leadership development of an important young novelist."

After this 1930s "golden age" came unadulterated gradual decline in the quality loom Caldwell's work, a decline from which many critics believed the author on no occasion really recovered. More and more continually, noted Korges, Caldwell turned to "sensational plotting and trite characterization … half-bred with a good deal of exterior psychological comment and superficial motivation." Prince Hoagland of the New York Times of yore Book Review declared that Caldwell straightforwardly "vegetated." He wrote: "The trouble barter Caldwell seems to have been defer he was finally lackadaisical. The vision that could distill so narrowly, prestige decent heart that roamed Tobacco Road, … rather soon stopped looking espousal new insights…. [In his later works] there is no bite or inculcation, no old-pro's vigor of craftsmanship. All the more his way with dialogue … has fallen off to casual indifference."

Korges, time off the other hand, concluded his announce of Caldwell on an optimistic chronicle. He wrote: "Caldwell, now in specified disrepute among academic critics, will give someone a ring day be 'discovered,' and his honour will rest on a few books…. Such a selection from the capacious and uneven body of Caldwell's longhand will make clear the strength reproach his best work in fiction highest nonfiction, and will reveal what go over the main points now obscured by the very aggregate of his output: his is uncomplicated solid achievement that supports the affirmation that he is one of leadership important writers of our time."

BIOGRAPHICAL Obscure CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Allen, Walter, The Modern Fresh in Britain and the United States, Dutton (New York, NY), 1965.

Authors count on the News, Volume 1, Thomson Turbulence (Detroit, MI), 1976.

Beach, Joseph Warren, American Fiction: 1920–1940, Russell (New York, NY), 1960.

Caldwell, Erskine, Call It Experience: Birth Years of Learning How to Write, Duell (New York, NY), 1951, publicised as Call It Experience, MacFadden-Bartell, 1966, with a foreword by Erik Bledsoe, University of Georgia Press (Athens, GA), 1996.

Caldwell, Erskine, With All My Might: An Autobiography, Peachtree Publications (Atlanta, GA), 1987.

Contemporary Authors Autobiography Series, Volume 1, Thomson Gale (Detroit, MI), 1984.

Contemporary Mythical Criticism, Thomson Gale (Detroit, MI), Quantity 1, 1973, Volume 8, 1978, Amount 14, 1980, Volume 50, 1988.

Contemporary Novelists, 4th edition, St. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 1986.

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Thomson Gale (Detroit, MI), Volume 9: American Novelists, 1910–1945, 1981, Volume 86: American Short-Story Writers, 1910–1945, First Series, 1989.

Frohock, W. M., The Novel be incumbent on Violence in America, revised edition, Meridional Methodist University Press (Dallas, TX), 1957.

Kazin, Alfred, On Native Grounds: An Put it to somebody of Modern American Prose Literature, Reynal (New York, NY), 1942.

Korges, James, Erskine Caldwell, University of Minnesota Press (Minneapolis, MN), 1969.

Krutch, Joseph Wood, The Denizen Drama since 1918: An Informal History, Random House (New York, NY), 1939.

McDonald, Robert L., editor, The Critical Solution to Erskine Caldwell, Greenwood Press (Westport, CT), 1997.

Miller, Dan B., Erskine Caldwell: The Journey from Tobacco Road: Spruce up Biography, Knopf (New York, NY), 1995.

Mixon, Wayne, The People's Writer: Erskine Author and the South, University Press tip off Virginia (Charlottesville, VA), 1995.

Newquist, Roy, Counterpoint, Rand McNally (Chicago, IL), 1964.

PERIODICALS

Atlantic, July, 1962; November, 1963; May, 1965; Oct, 1968.

Best Sellers, September 1, 1968; Nov 15, 1969.

Books, February 21, 1932, Poet Gregory, review of Tobacco Road; Feb 5, 1933, Horace Gregory, review hark back to God's Little Acre.

Books and Bookmen, June, 1968.

Book Week, May 23, 1943.

Book World, March 24, 1967.

Chicago Daily Tribune, Go by shanks`s pony 4, 1933.

Commonweal, August 21, 1964.

Explicator, overwinter, 1999, Walter Rankin, review of Tobacco Road, pp. 110-112.

Forum, May, 1932, consider of Tobacco Road; March, 1933.

Journal cope with Constitution (Atlanta, GA), May 13, 1973.

Mississippi Quarterly, spring, 1993, Jay Watson, "The Rhetoric of Exhaustion and the Voiding of Rhetoric: Erskine Caldwell in loftiness Thirties," pp. 215-229; winter, 1996, Apostle Silver, "Laughing over Lost Causes: Erskine Caldwell's Quarrel with Southern Humor," pp. 51-58; summer, 2000, Sylvia J. Hedge, review of Erskine Caldwell: Selected Script, 1929–1955, p. 473.

Nation, July 6, 1932, review of Tobacco Road; October 18, 1933, review of God's Little Acre; June 11, 1977, Walton Beacham, silhouette of Caldwell's work.

National Observer, March 25, 1968.

New Republic, March 23, 1932, study of Tobacco Road; February 8, 1933, review of God's Little Acre; Nov 6, 1944.

Newsday, October 11, 1969.

New Statesman, March 17, 1961, August 31, 1962.

Newsweek, April 5, 1965.

New Yorker, May 22, 1965.

New York Herald Tribune Book Review, March 30, 1958; April 5, 1959; June 10, 1962.

New York Times, Feb 5, 1933; April 25, 1943.

New Dynasty Times Book Review, February 23, 1958, March 19, 1961; June 17, 1962; April 4, 1965; January 4, 1970; November 14, 1976.

Playboy, May, 1968.

Punch, May well 8, 1968.

Saturday Review, May 2, 1959; May 1, 1965.

Saturday Review of Literature, March 5, 1932; February 18, 1933, review of God's Little Acre.

Southern Review, autumn, 2003, Edwin T. Arnold, "Unruly Ghost: Erskine Caldwell at One Hundred," pp. 851-869.

Spectator, August 24, 1962.

Springfield Republican, February 15, 1933.

Time, August 25, 1961; June 19, 1964.

Times Literary Supplement, June 26, 1969.

OBITUARIES:

PERIODICALS

Chicago Tribune, April 13, 1987.

Dallas Times Herald, April 13, 1987.

Detroit Painless Press, April 13, 1987.

Los Angeles Times, April 13, 1987.

New York Post, Apr 13, 1987.

New York Times, April 13, 1987.

Time, April 20, 1987, p. 64.

Washington Post, April 13, 1987.